Home
Terminology

Terminology

Basic Terms

TermMeaning
ChudanMiddle area
Dan"Level," referring to the rank of black belt and above.
DojoThe place where karate is studied.
GedanLower area
HajimeBegin
HidariLeft
JodanUpper area
KamaeCombative posture or Ready Position
Kata Formal exercises. Pre-arranged attack/defense routines.
KihonBasic techiniques. Kicks, blocks, punches and stances.
KimeFocus
KohaiA student of lower rank than oneself.
KumiteSparring, practiced with a partner.
Kyu"Step," referring to ranks below black belt.
MigiRight
ReiBow
SempaiA student of higher rank than oneself.
SenseiThe chief instructor at a dojo. Also any person instructing a class.
Yame / IponStop
YoiReady/ or at ease
Back to Top

Stances

TermMeaning
Hachiji DachiNatural stance (feet shoulder width apart, toes pointed slightly out)
Heiko DachiParallel stance (feet shoulder width apart)
Heisoku DachiClosed foot stance (feet together)
Kiba DachiHorse riding stance
Kokutsu DachiBack leaning stance
Migi Heiko DachiRight foot forward Heiko Dachi
Musubi Dachi/YoskiFormal attention stance (heels together, feet at an angle)
Naihanchi DachiKiba Dachi with the heels out and toes in(Horse stance)
Naname Shiko DachiDiagonal straddle leg stance
Neko Ashi DachiCat stance
Sanchin DachiHourglass stance
Shiko DachiStraddle leg stance
Shizen DachiShort forward stance
Uchi Hachiji DachiNatural stance with heels out and toes in
Zenkutsu DachiFront stance, Forward stance
Back to Top

Blocks

TermMeaning
TermMeaning
Age UkeRising block
Chudan UkeInside circular middle block / Outside Block
Gedan Barai or Gedan UkeDownward block
Jodan UkeUpward block
Kake UkeSingle Bone Block, Can be done closed or open hand.
Ko UkeWrist block
Mawashi UkeRound house block
Shotei UkePalm heel block
Shuto UkeKnife hand block
Uchi UkeInside forearm block
Back to Top

Strikes & Punches

TermMeaning
Age TsukiRising punch like upper cut
EmpiElbow strike
Furi TsukiCircular punch
Gyaku Tsuki (Yaku zuki)Reverse punch
Haito UchiRidge hand strike
Hiji UchiElbow strike
Kagi TsukiHook punch
Kizami TsukiLeading punch, or jab
Ko UchiBent wrist strike
Kote UchiForearm strike
Mawashi TsukiRound hook punch
Nakadaka KenMiddle finger knuckle fist
Nihon TsukiDouble punch
Nukite TsukiFinger thrust
Sanbon TsukiTriple punch
Seiken TsukiFore fist strike
Shotei TsukiPalm heel thrust
Shotei UchiPalm heel strike
Shuto UchiKnife hand strike
Tettsui UchiBottom fist strike (or hammer fist strike)
Ura TsukiShort punch (palm side up)
Uraken UchiBack fist strike
Back to Top

Kicks

TermMeaning
Ashi BaraiFoot sweep
Fumikomi GeriStamping kick
Haisoku GeriKicking with the instep
Hiza GeriKnee kick (also called Hiza Ate)
Kakato GeriHeel kick
Kanketsu GeriStamping kick, joint kick
Mae Geri KeageFront snap kick
Mae Geri KekomiFront thrust kick
Mae Tobi GeriJumping front kick
Mawashi GeriRound house kick
Sokuto GeriKicking with the foot edge
Tsumasaki GeriKicking with the tips of the toes
Ushiro GeriBack thrust kick
Yoko Geri KeageSide snap kick
Yoko Geri KekomiSide thrust kick
Yoko Tobi GeriJumping side thrust kick
Back to Top

Counting

TermMeaning
IchiOne
NiTwo
SanThree
ShiFour
GoFive
RokuSix
ShichiSeven
HachiiEight
KuNine
JuTen
NijuTwenty
SanjuThirty
YonjuForty
GojuFifty
RokujuSixty
NanajuSeventy
HachijuEighty
KujuNinety
HyakuOne Hundred
JuTen
Back to Top

General Terminology

TermMeaning
Agura-wo-kakuInformal seating position
AiHarmony
AikidoThe Way of Harmony
AiteOpponent in a contest
AiuchiSimultaneous Strike
AnankuAn Okinawan Shorin Ryu Kata, meaning Light From The South
AtemiBody stikes
Ato-uchiDelayed strike, feint
BoWooden staff, traditionally as long as the wielder is tall
BoguBody armour
BudoMartial way
BugeiMartial arts
BunkaiApplications of kata movements
BushiWarrior
BushidoWay of the warrior
ChintoAn Okinawan Shorin Ryu kata, meaning Fighting to the East
DoWay or path
EkuAn Oar
GiUniform
Goju-RyuHard, Soft Way. An Okinawan style of Karate
GojushihoAn Okinawan kata, meaning 54 steps
Heian"Peace, tranquility. Funakoshi renamed the pinan kata "Heian
HombuHeadquarters
IaidoWay of the sword
Ippon kumiteOne step sparring
Isshin Ryu"One Heart School" An Okinawan style of karate
JionA Shorei Ryu kata
JudoGentle way
JujutsuArt of gentleness
KamaGrass sickle (an Okinawan weapon)
Kanku Dai"A Shotokan Kata, meaning "To view the sky" Developed from the Okinawan kata Kusanku
Kansetsu wazaJoint locking techniques
KarateOpen Hand, empty hand
Karate-doThe way of karate
Kareta-kaKarate practitioner
KatanaThe longer of the two swords worn by Samurai
KendoWay of the sword
Kiai"Spirit meeting" A loud yell or shout/call for energy
Kobayashi Ryu"Small Forest" An Okinawam form of Shorin Ryu karate
KobudoAncient warrior art. Usually refers to weapons training
KusankuAn Okinawan Shorin Ryu kata, named after a Chinese Master
KyushoVital point
MakiwaraPunching post
MawatteTurn around
MeijinExpert
Mikazuke geriCrescent kick
MokusoQuiet thought, meditation / Muga no kiochi (Mind of no mind)
NunchakuAn Okinawan weapon. Two 1 foot lengths of wood hinged together by cord. Was probably developed from a horse bridle or a rice flail.
ObiBelt
OkinawaOne of a group of island South East of Japan. Where karate was developed
PassaiAn Okinawan Shorin Ryu kata, meaning unknown
PinanA seies of 5 kata formulated by Itosu in 1903
SaiA steel pronged truncheon
SanchinThe core Goju Ryu kata, which emphasises correct breathing
SeisanAn Okinawan Shorin Ryu kata
SeizaKneeling position
Sensei-ni-reiBow to the teacher
ShihanMaster (can be 5th dan and above)
ShomenFront of Dojo
Shomen-ni-reiBow to the front
Shorei RyuAn Okinawan karate system which originated in Naha
Shorin Ryu"The major style of Okinawan karate, meaning "Pine Forest" school
ShotokanA style of Japanese Karate developed by Funakoshi
Shuri-teAn ancient Okinawan style of karate - the forerunner of Shorin Ryu
Tai sabakiBody shifting/evasion
TameshiwariTo test and to break
TeishoPalm heel
TonfaAn Okinawan weapon, similar to the sidearm used by Police
UkemiBreakfalling
Wado RyuWay of Peace School. A Japanese style of karate
WakizashiThe shorter of two swords worn by the Samurai
Wanshu / WansuAn Okinawan Shorin Ryu kata named after a Chinese Master
WazaTechnique(s)
ZanshinAwareness
Back to Top